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Cofunction and even/odd identities · derivation ·proof

Where cos θ = sin(90° − θ) comes from

Shift the graph. The cosine curve is the sine curve moved left by π/2 — a fact used constantly in physics and AC circuits.

cos θ = sin(90° − θ)

Building it step by step

  1. Compare the graphs of sin and cos
    Identical shape, offset by a quarter period.
  2. cos θ = sin(θ + π/2)
    Reading the offset one way.
  3. cos θ = sin(π/2 − θ)
    Reading it with the complement, which is the cofunction statement for acute angles.

How to recall it under pressure

Re-derive it from the first line rather than searching memory: start from cos(x) and do the one algebraic move the derivation above makes. If you need the statement itself, it is on the cofunction identity for cosine page.

sampled at 800 random anglesSource: OpenStax Precalculus, Ch. 7 · Paul's Online Math Notes, Trig Cheat Sheet · revised 2026-09-26 ·how we check ·accuracy policy ·report an error