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Pythagorean identities · derivation ·proof

Where 1 + tan²θ = sec²θ comes from

Same division, aimed forward. If you have forgotten the formula, re-derive it in ten seconds: you want a relation involving tan, so force tan = sin/cos to appear by dividing by cos²θ.

1 + tan²θ = sec²θ

Building it step by step

  1. Want tan²θ? Divide by cos²θ.
    tan²θ = sin²θ/cos²θ, so the division creates exactly the term you need.
  2. 1/cos²θ is sec²θ
    Reciprocal identity. · Reciprocal identity (secant)
  3. 1 + tan²θ = sec²θ
    Collect the three pieces.

What this derivation depends on

Every line above is one of these — nothing else is assumed:

That list is the argument for learning fewer formulas: most of this catalogue is a short chain away from the unit circle and the sum formulas.

How to recall it under pressure

Re-derive it from the first line rather than searching memory: start from sec θ = 1/cos θ and do the one algebraic move the derivation above makes. If you need the statement itself, it is on the pythagorean identity (tangent form) page.

sampled at 800 random anglesSource: OpenStax Precalculus, Ch. 7 · Paul's Online Math Notes, Trig Cheat Sheet · revised 2026-09-26 ·how we check ·accuracy policy ·report an error